除冰斗湖、冰蚀湖外,还有冰碛湖。冰碛物堆积在槽谷的末端,形成终碛堤,其后积水而形成的湖,便为冰碛湖。这里主要有三清池冰碛湖和佛爷池冰碛湖。三清池冰碛湖位于二太白海槽谷末瑞,海拔3060米,比二太白海低590米。它的前面是终碛堤,由这里向下,冰川遗迹消失,也就是说,这里是太白山最早的那次冰川活动达到的最低位置。由于自然沉淀和岩块填塞,古池面多已填平,现今湖泊面积5400平方米,水深2米,湖周围松林密布。佛爷池在二太白海西,池面原有13万平方米,但因淤积和石块填充,大部分已干涸,部分形成7个沼泽池,成为高山草甸丛生的沼泽盆地。
二太白海、三太白海、玉皇池、三清池四湖连成一线,形似串珠,湖光山色,引人入胜。
冰缘地貌成地质大观
冰川能在坚硬的石质山坡上和沟谷中,开凿出规模如此巨大的冰斗和槽谷,力量何在?
冰在长期受力状态下容易发生流变,冰川的塑性流体遇到岩石突起,会轻轻绕过,所以纯粹的冰川侵蚀力量是很微弱的。但是冰川中一旦挟带上岩石碎块,则冰川的侵蚀力量就变的相当惊人。突出于冰川底部和两侧之外的石块,就会像犁和锉刀一样,锉磨和刻蚀着冰川谷的两壁和谷底。这种作用就叫做刨蚀作用。同时,冰川还会把谷壁和谷底上的松动岩块的突出部分,与自己冻结在一起,掘蚀带走,这种作用就叫做掘蚀作用。冰斗、槽谷和冰蚀盆地等,都是冰川的刨蚀作用下产生的。
冰缘地貌,是指在高海拔山体雪线附近的地貌景观。高寒地区冰雪时而融化,时而冰冻,积雪——融化——冰冻反复地进行,如此造就了许多奇貌景观,如石海、石人阵、石河、石瀑布、石流坡、石环、石柱、石塔和崩解岩石堆、冰川漂砾等。
如今,太白山自然保护区周围建立了3个森林公园,但其经营范围都不包括拔仙台及5个冰川湖泊,载人缆车也只到海拔3511米,距极顶尚有256米。因而,山顶仍保持原始状态。
太白山是人们观赏冰川地貌、了解冰川知识的绝佳场所。不过,如此丰富的保存完好的第四纪冰川造成的冰蚀、冰碛及冰缘地貌,有“冰川博物馆”之称的太白山,至今尚未建立冰川地貌为主题的国家地质公园,不能不说是巨大的遗憾。
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