仅就上述事实,太白山地及其附近的玉皇山地可能发生过比太白山冰期更早的冰期。我们在以前的论文中,称为斗母宫冰期,与刘有民等划分的玉皇冰期相当。当时的气候雪线高度在2600-2700米左右。
五、几点建议
太白山是东秦岭的最高峰,秦岭山地区的古冰川问题不仅涉及秦岭山地第四纪的古 气候、古值物、古土壤以及古地理问题,也关系到我国东部和西部、南方和北方的冰期和间冰期的划分问题。而太白山又是研究秦岭古冰川作用以及冰期问题的关键地区。虽然前人做了不少工作,这次考察又进一步措清了东太白和跑马梁以及附近地区的一些古 冰川作用遗迹,但由于新构造运动非常强烈,河流下切对于早期的古冰川作用遗迹破坏严重,動在而,关于太白山的冰期划分,第四纪地层层序、古气候演变的规律等方面,尚有待进一步做深入仔细的研究工作,尤其是跑马梁的西段和鳌山的冰川作用遗迹,掌握的第一手资料不全,采样和测年资料缺乏,建议太白山自然保护区应继续开展这方面的研究活动。
第二,太白山挽近冰期的冰川作用遗迹,无论就我国东部或西部地区来看,或是与云南点苍山的大理冰期的冰川作用遗迹相比较,太白山的太白冰期的古冰川遗迹保存相当完好。不仅有角峰、刃脊、冰斗、粒雪盆以及不同类型的典型的冰川槽谷、羊背石等冰川侵蚀地貌,而且还有底碛、侧碛和终碛等冰碛地貌,是一个第四纪古冰川地貌博物馆。一方面要妥为保护,如对高山几个冰斗湖泊,要注意其逐渐填塞淤平、干涸的变化,对其周围采取人工维护措施是十分必要的。另一方面对于山顶的庙宇应进行修善,为开展太白山的科学考察活动,创造必要条件。
第三、一般人需要了解太白山顶部奇特的冰川作用地貌,破除迷信,进行科学普及和宣传工作十分必要。第当夏季男女老幼登山络绎不绝,应有计划地开展科普宣传活动,以提高全民族的文化、科学知识水平。
许多地学工作者包括从事古冰川作用遗迹研究的专家学者,对同一现象,产生不同的认识,得出相对立的结论,其中很重要的原因就是关于冰川作用尤其是对古冰川作用的遗迹缺乏典型性认识。太白山顶部的冰川作用遗迹是各家一致同意的,有必要整理出一套太白山冰川地貌画册,以满足广大读者的需要,为地学工作者提供辩认古冰川作用遗迹的依据,为开展国内外有关古冰川学术交流提供情报和信息。
第四、第四纪古气候的演变或者狭义地说冰期与间冰期的巨大波动,不仅影响到地貌的发育过程,留下与古冰川作用有关的地貌景观,而且气候的重大变化势必也影响到古植物、古动物、古土壤、古水系的变化。尤其象太白山处于北亚热带和暖温带的过渡地带,夏季风的影响还十分显著的地区,山势高耸,垂直地带谱在冰期和间冰期的交替过程中,必然发生过重大变化。建议组织综合小组,在这次成果交流的基础上,开展综合研究,进一步探讨太白山第四纪古气候的演变模式,是非常必要的。理论上的意义自不待言,易为大家所理解,在实际上也是很重要的。了解到第四纪尤其是冰后期太白山地区气候演变的实质,了解人类历史时期气候的变化,对于太白山保护区未来的气候发展趋势就可进行予测予报,有利于制定保护区的长期经营管理方针和规划。
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