1、石海：拔仙台、跑马梁是一片杂乱堆覆的乱石滩。大小不等的块石，横七竖八无一定排列方向，又微具起伏，貌似海洋，故名石海。其形成过程，首先是基岩裂隙发育，雨水和雪水渗入，冻结成冰而后消融，这一长期的反复过程使岩体不断崩解，由整块变成大块、碎块。同时，雪蚀作用，融冻作用也参与这一过程。由于石块堆垒，相互顶托，缝隙宽而深，同雪水渗入乱石滩成伏流状，同时将细粒物质带走，因而石块的表部缺乏细碎物质。梁顶光秃，石块裸露。高山草灌无法生长，而苔藓、地衣等植物贴附岩表，多呈灰色或暗黑色。
2、石河：分布于角峰、刃脊和槽谷的边坡，由寒冻崩解的大小石块组成。在雪崩槽、雪蚀槽和流水冲成的槽形坡，受重力作用影响石块不断移动，形似挂在山坡的溪流，故名石河。这类冰缘地貌在拔仙台的北坡、三宫殿槽谷、二爷海槽谷等处十分发育。往往运转到槽谷底部，迭覆于冰碛之上，形成小的堆石垄岗。
3、石裾：多分布陡峭的岩壁坡脚，如大爷海后壁、二爷海后壁、佛爷池粒雪盆的侧壁，均发育了石裾地貌。以横截面呈锥形的石块堆体分布于坡脚，相对高度不一，由8-9米至20-30米，坡度可达30-35度。石裾的形成，表明冰斗后壁或槽谷边坡在冰缘气候条件下，重力崩落强烈，蚀退作用相当活路，同时也反映了冰斗和槽谷的底部填补过程是很迅速的。
4、石环：是一种冰缘微地貌形态。中间为碎石或粗骨土，四周由较大的石块所组成。中部微凸，向边缘微倾，平面呈环状，故名石环，分布于西跑马梁的平缓处，三爷海北侧、三宫殿槽谷底部等低平地方。一般认为石环的形成机理是由于细粒土层中的水分在降温时向冻结面迁移和冻结，引起石块抬升，细土填被其下部空隙，石块被抬升到地面后，经反复冻融向周边移动，长期冻融分选作用的结果就形成了石环。
5、石冰川：在二爷少－三清池槽谷有大面积石块组成的石冰川，长达数百米；由玉皇池前缘至三清池终碛垅之间的槽谷底部分布着巨砾、块石和底碛、侧碛组成的石冰川。目前主要是在暴流作用下发生移动，其下部的块石和细碎物质受冻融作用也在缓慢的运动。因而，人行小咱由于岩块的活动，常常辨认不清。
冰后期的冰缘作用正在强烈地改变着太白冰期遗留下来的各种冰川地貌。
太白山的主体由规模庞大的花岗岩体组成，地质学家称其为“太白花岗岩”。太白花岗岩在漫长的地质发展史上，几经构造变动、断层，节理十分发育，它们在各种外力的共同作用下，塑造了今日太白山奇峰林立、山势峥嵘的险、奇景色。太白山高山区至今还保留着完整的、千姿百态的第四纪冰川遗迹。一个个高山湖泊，碧波荡漾，湖光山色，令人陶醉，古人及当地老人都称其为“神湖”，实则为“说蚀湖”。这些冰蚀湖自古就有“太白池光”、“高山明珠”之称，被列为太白山八景之一。在拔仙台、跑马梁一带，石河、石海望之浩然，似有翻滚奔腾之势，令人眼花缭乱。由拔仙台环眺四周，角峰、槽谷、冰斗、冰坎、冰阶等第四纪冰川所特有的地貌形态历历在目，又是研究第四纪冰川最好的天然博物馆。
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